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Symposium, Belgian Week, Liège, 17-19 February 2011
Cajal beyond the gut : interstitial cells in the urinary system – towards general regulatory mechanisms of smooth muscle contractility ?Price: €10,00 |
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Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), similar to GI pacemakers have
been identified throughout the urinary system. Although each part
of the system serves a different function, ranging from peristalsis
of the ureters, storage of urine by the bladder, and a sphincteric
action by the urethra, they share a common mechanism in being
able to generate phasic myogenic contractions. Even the urethra,
often considered to be a ‘tonic’ smooth muscle, achieves an apparently
sustained contraction by averaging numerous small asynchronous
‘phasic’ contractions. This activity can occur in the
absence of any neural input, implying the presence of an intrinsic
pacemaker. Intracellular microelectrode recordings from urethral
muscle strips reveal electrical slow waves similar to those of the GI
tract. To study this further, we isolated single cells from rabbit urethra
and found not only smooth muscle cells (SMC), but a second
cell type comprising ~10% of the total. The latter cells were
branched and non-contractile and closely resembled intestinal
ICC. Electrophyiological studies revealed that, while the isolated
smooth muscle cells were electrically quiescent, the ‘ICC’ fired
electrical slow waves similar to those observed in the whole tissue.
The basis of this difference was the presence of a large pacemaker
current involving the activation of calcium-activated Cl- channels
by spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ waves. These, in turn, have been
shown to be modulated by neurotransmitters such as nitric oxide,
noradrenaline and ATP, thus providing a possible mechanism
whereby neural regulation of the urethra, as well as spontaneous
tone, may be mediated via ICC. (Acta gastro enterol. belg., 2011, 74,536-542). [Product Details...] |
Early versus late immune mediated inflammatory diseasesPrice: €10,00 |
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Immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are life long
conditions that cause substantial morbidity and disability. Though
increasingly common and intensely studied, the cellular and molecular
mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis are still unclear.
Despite this incomplete knowledge, it is becoming increasingly evident
that IMIDs evolve over time, not only from a clinical perspective
but also a pathophysiological one. Evidence is accumulating
that the events responsible for inflammation and damage in the
target organs are not necessarily the same during the evolution of
the IMID, and that the immune response evolves in parallel with
the clinical manifestations. This has crucial implications for therapy
because immunomodulatory interventions aimed at early pathogenic
events may no longer be effective when these events have
changed due to a different composition of the immune response.
Therefore, it is crucial to better understand why and how the IMID
associated immune abnormalities evolve over time, so that timedependent
therapies may be rationally implemented for an
improved clinical outcome. (Acta gastro enterol. belg., 2011, 74, 548-
552). [Product Details...] |
How to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis ?Price: €10,00 |
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The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) has remained
constant since 30 years. During the last 10 years, large progresses
have been made in the knowledge of (i) factors that predispose to
PEP and (ii) measures that are effective to prevent PEP. Many of
these measures have not yet been widely implemented. Complete
recommendations for PEP prophylaxis are summarized in the
review. For high-risk ERCPs, including ampullectomy, pancreatic
sphincterotomy, precut biliary sphincterotomy, known or suspected
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, pancreatic guidewire-assisted
biliary cannulation and endoscopic balloon sphincteroplasty, prophylactic
pancreatic stent placement should be considered. For
low-risk ERCPs, periprocedure rectal administration of NSAID is
recommended. Prophylactic pancreatic stenting should be investigated
in terms of education of endoscopists for insertion techniques,
ease of stent insertion, reliability of spontaneous stent
elimination and safety (demonstration of the absence of induced
pancreatic changes). (Acta gastro enterol. belg., 2011, 74, 543-547). [Product Details...] |
The Role of PET in Predicting Response to Chemotherapy in Oesophago-gastric CancerPrice: €10,00 |
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Treatment options for oesophago-gastric cancers reach from
limited resection to multimodality treatment. An accurate clinical
assessment and prognostic information are needed for selecting the
most appropriate treatment approach. Positron emission tomography
(PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) in a
hybrid imaging modality may ameliorate the staging accuracy and
add prognostic information. Experiences from specialised centers
indicate that PET also may aid to estimate and predict response to
preoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiation. This article recapitulates
the value of PET in the staging and multidisciplinary care
of oesophago-gastric cancer. At this stage, it remains unclear if the
prognosis of patients can be improved by implementing PET in the
management of this disease. Prospective multicenter studies should
be performed to validate metabolic cut-off values and to proof the
benefit of PET-guided treatment decisions. (Acta gastro enterol.
belg., 2011, 74, 530-535). [Product Details...] |
Vascular Invasion, Perineural Invasion, and Tumour Budding : Predictors of Outcome in Colorectal CancerPrice: €10,00 |
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Tumour stage reflected by the AJCC/UICC TNM system is currently
regarded as the most powerful prognostic parameter in
patients with colorectal cancer. However, additional histopathological
markers are required to improve clinical decision-making with
respect to follow-up scheduling and administration of adjuvant
therapy. In this review we summarize the available literature
regarding the prognostic impact of venous and lymphatic invasion,
perineural invasion and tumour budding in colorectal cancer.
Special emphasis was placed on patients with AJCC/UICC stage II
disease, the risk of lymph node metastasis in early cancer and the
prediction of local recurrence in rectal cancer. For each of the
markers, the different methods of evaluation, implications resulting
from different definitions used in previous studies as well as
future perspectives are discussed in detail. (Acta gastro enterol. belg., 2011, 74, 516-529). [Product Details...] |
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Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica is indexed in NCBI/PubMed.
Printed by Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium. ©vzw/asbl Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica
Printed by Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium. ©vzw/asbl Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica